13,042 research outputs found
Redefining the boundaries of interplanetary coronal mass ejections from observations at the ecliptic plane
On 2015 January 6-7, an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) was
observed at L1. This event, which can be associated with a weak and slow
coronal mass ejection, allows us to discuss on the differences between the
boundaries of the magnetic cloud and the compositional boundaries. A fast
stream from a solar coronal hole surrounding this ICME offers a unique
opportunity to check the boundaries' process definition and to explain
differences between them. Using Wind and ACE data, we perform a complementary
analysis involving compositional, magnetic, and kinematic observations
providing relevant information regarding the evolution of the ICME as
travelling away from the Sun. We propose erosion, at least at the front
boundary of the ICME, as the main reason for the difference between the
boundaries, and compositional signatures as the most precise diagnostic tool
for the boundaries of ICMEs.Comment: 9 pages and 7 figures in the original forma
How to excite the internal modes of sine-Gordon solitons
We investigate the dynamics of the sine-Gordon solitons perturbed by
spatiotemporal external forces. We prove the existence of internal (shape)
modes of sine-Gordon solitons when they are in the presence of inhomogeneous
space-dependent external forces, provided some conditions (for these forces)
hold. Additional periodic time-dependent forces can sustain oscillations of the
soliton width. We show that, in some cases, the internal mode even can become
unstable, causing the soliton to decay in an antisoliton and two solitons. In
general, in the presence of spatiotemporal forces the soliton behaves as a
deformable (non-rigid) object. A soliton moving in an array of inhomogeneities
can also present sustained oscillations of its width. There are very important
phenomena (like the soliton-antisoliton collisions) where the existence of
internal modes plays a crucial role. We show that, under some conditions, the
dynamics of the soliton shape modes can be chaotic. A short report of some of
our results has been published in [J. A. Gonzalez et al., Phys. Rev. E, 65
(2002) 065601(R)].Comment: 14 .eps figures.To appear in Chaos, Solitons and Fractal
Convergence and Cointegration
This paper provides a new, uni¯ed, and °exible framework to measure and characterize convergence in prices. We formally de¯ne this notion and propose a model to represent a wide range of transition paths that converge to a common steady-state. Our framework enables the econometric measurement of such transi- tional behaviors and the development of testing procedures. Speci¯cally, we derive a statistical test to determine whether convergence exists and, if so, which type: as catching-up or steady-state. The application of this methodology to historic wheat prices results in a novel explanation of the convergence processes experienced during the 19th century.Price convergence, cointegration, law of one price.
A Non-Perturbative Chiral Approach for Meson-Meson Interactions
A non-perturbative method which combines constraints from chiral symmetry
breaking and coupled channel unitarity is used to describe meson-meson
interactions up to \sqrt{s}\lesssim 1.2 GeV, extending in this way the range of
applicability of the information contained in Chiral Perturbation Theory (\chi
PT), since this perturbative series is typically restricted to \sqrt{s}\lesssim
500 MeV. The approach uses the O(p^2) and O(p^4) \chiPT Lagrangians. The seven
free parameters resulting from the O(p^4) Lagrangian are fitted to the
experimental data. The approach makes use of the expansion of T^{-1} instead of
the amplitude itself as done in \chiPT. The former expansion is suggested by
analogy with the effective range approximation in Quantum Mechanics and it
appears to be very useful. The results, in fact, are in good agreement with a
vast amount of experimental analyses.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, Talk given at PANIC99, Uppsala (Sweden),
June 10-16, 199
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